Railroad Plough to Valhalla - Thoughts After the Death
of John Fahey on February 22 2001
by Glenn Jones
I refuse to feel gloomy.
John Fahey was such an unusual creature, as "wond’rous rare" in our
lifetimes as an auk or a dodo or a coelacanth. If anyone's life demands celebration,
his does.
Fahey's music, some of which he came to reject as flawed or dishonest, seems
to me some of the purest ever made and is as important to me as any I ever heard.
I first encountered it in my teens. I only knew then that it spoke to me and was
an antidote to everything in my life that seemed trivial, contrived and phoney.
Yet, for all the hundreds of hours I’ve spent listening to it, I still don’t understand
why it makes me feel the way it does. Later I was able to name something of what
gripped me about it: its spotlessness, its diamond-hard conviction, its emotionality.
But there is still that quality about it which I cannot describe.
At the memorial service for Fahey on Sunday, March 4, 2001, in Salem, Oregon,
Mitch Greenhill (Fahey’s manager) asked, "How will we explain John Fahey
to people who never met him?"
I’ll miss John’s voice (that VOICE!), his throaty guffaw, his prickly provocativeness,
and I’ll find it hard to shake a feeling I’ve carried with me for nearly 30 years,
the sense that somewhere John Fahey is up to something.
Unlike everyone else I know (and almost anyone else I can think of) Fahey lived
his life on his terms, not on the world's. (That sounds glib and easy enough.
We all live life on our own terms, right? Really? How much are you willing to
give up, how far are you willing to go, to live a life unfettered by non-essentials?
What, exactly, is essential? Your job, your house or apartment, your security,
your health, your country, your family, your mate, your possessions? Tough questions.
And for the sake of this remembrance, largely rhetorical - let us not pretend
to answer them now.)
John Fahey paid a price for the only life he knew how to live. And, as rich
as it was, let us not romanticise it. In his last lean decade, of illnesses and
little money, of rediscovery and reinvention, Fahey drifted between several of
Oregon’s welfare motels. In one of them John was knocked out and robbed by someone
he considered a friend (even after he was mugged) and to whom he’d have readily
given whatever money he had if the guy had only asked for it.
Here, surrounded by drug deals and frequent visits from the police in the dead
of night, with the smell of Lysol in his nostrils, amidst the detritus of countless
visits to pizza parlours and fast food joints, Fahey recorded most of City
of Refuge, scripted the first drafts of the stories that appear in his book,
How Bluegrass Music Destroyed My Life, and slapped together the first of
hundreds of paintings.
When money was particularly tight or the motel management got fed up with him
and kicked him out, there was the faith-based Union Gospel Mission, where meals
and a roof over one’s head came with strings attached: sermons, chores and a sort
of dehumanising contempt reserved for the dregs of society. When the Union Gospel
Mission became intolerable Fahey lived in his car.
His guitars -- the very means of whatever sort of livelihood John could carve
out for himself in the ‘90s -- were sold for whatever he could get. I lost track
of how many times he pawned them.
I’d known John for 20 years and I couldn’t understand how this could be happening
to him.
Though occasionally he’d call to ask for money, I never heard him whine about
the set-backs he was facing. (Regarding money, he simply asked for help; he never
begged or played on ones heartstrings.) Sometimes he was angry. But more often
he was simply matter-of-fact. (Me: "You pawned your guitars?!" John:
[blasé] "It’s no big deal. I’m making collages now.")
Someone said that John earned and spent enough money for a couple lifetimes.
When he couldn’t put off the dental work he needed any longer, John got a friend
in Chicago to call his mom in Louisiana to cadge money to pay the dentist in Salem.
(He himself refused to speak to his mother during the last decade or so of his
life. Fahey: "I have nothing to say to her.")
Even when he had money - and there were times in his life when he had a good
deal of it - he’d give it away or spend it with little thought for how he might
pay for tomorrow's breakfast or next week's rent.
After settling his late father's estate some years ago Fahey was left with
a pretty nice chunk of inheritance money. Given his circumstances he well might
have taken a vacation from desperation and discomfort. Instead he gave it to Dean
Blackwood and told him to start the record label they'd talked of forming together.
Thus Revenant Records, John’s second label was born. (His first, Takoma, was -
along with Sun Ra’s El Saturn and Harry Partch’s Gate 5 - one of the earliest
artist-owned record labels in the country; Fahey began it as a vehicle for his
debut album, Blind Joe Death, in 1959.)
Those of us who knew John cannot imagine ever again meeting anyone with his
iron will, his seemingly indestructible constitution and enormous appetites. His
passions were insatiable: Food, women, music, books, drugs, alcohol, cigarettes.
(The most obviously destructive of these John dropped years ago and forever, quitting
booze, cigarettes and non-prescription drugs cold turkey.)
A decade later, and some 20 or more albums after Fahey’s 1959 debut, Takoma
released Leo Kottke’s watershed album, Six and 12-String Guitar. After
meeting him Kottke fancied that if John didn’t expire that very night he might
well live forever.
Peter Lang (a Minneapolis-based guitarist whose debut album was also issued
by Takoma, in 1973) recalled touring with John in the late '70s. After one particular
gig Lang was presented with a bar tab that practically ate up all the money the
pair had earned that night. Lang questioned the bill, saying "But I only had two
Guinesses. . . ." To which the bartender replied "Yeah, but your friend had 27."
(Astonishingly, Fahey had still played his set.)
People said Fahey never grew up, that he was a child all his life -- with all
that that entails, both good and bad. John’s prankster charm, endless curiosity,
guileless spirit, largesse, and a life lived in the present made him a delightful
and engaging figure to be around. But his asociability, belligerence, irresponsibility
and an almost constant need for gratification were exhausting.
Given a choice between doing what he wanted and accepting the consequences
-- no matter how awful -- or not doing what he wanted in deference to the consequences,
John always did what he wanted.
He obsessed over the events of childhood more than anyone I ever met. Friends,
parents, teachers, high school crushes, radio programs, comic books, jingles,
appliances (the "Admiral Kelvinator" - a ‘40s / ‘50s refrigerator -
is a recurring figure), power plants, the woods, rivers, viaducts and railroads
of his Takoma Park, Maryland, boyhood turn up again and again in Fahey’s writings,
in his song titles, and in his own self-mythologification.
This wasn't nostalgia or an escape from the grittiness of day-to-day reality.
Some recently recalled event from his youth, an event that Fahey might have only
half-understood at the time, could suddenly - explosively - take on new meaning
or resonance in light of something that had just occurred to him.
In 1996 John played me a cassette of a work-in-progress. Behind the spattered
notes of his guitar there was a low, muffled curtain of sound, whether sampled
or from a tape loop I couldn’t tell. An evocative noise, and one to delight anyone
fond of drone-based music. I told John that I liked it. His eyes grew wide.
"You know what that is?" he asked.
"A sine wave?" I guessed.
His answer came in a breathless rush. "When I was little I used to listen
to the trains going by near where we lived. In the winter, after a big snowfall,
late at night I’d sometimes hear the sound of the railroad plough clearing the
snow off the tracks - a metallic, grinding noise. I’ve been looking for that sound
my whole life."
Sine wave, ha! What that sound actually was, how it had been made, meant nothing.
This was John’s very youth speaking to him across the years.
(Were there - are there - such things as railroad ploughs? I’ve never seen
one and prior to Fahey’s story I’d never heard of one either.)
For all his failings and his more than occasionally infuriating behaviour,
Fahey was absolutely ethical when it came to music, and especially his own - something
Cul de Sac learned the hard way.
The Epiphany of Glenn Jones, our collaboration album with John Fahey
(which he titled) was recorded in Warren, Rhode Island, in the winter of 1996.
It has been called a "psychodrama," but could just as well be seen as
a modern morality play. Fahey simply was NOT, come hell or high water everywhere,
NOT going to make an album that he had no feeling for, regardless of friendships,
promises he’d made, money he’d been paid, studio time that had been booked, a
week of rehearsal, or any other consideration. Except one: it was essential that
he believe in the music itself.
I hadn't played the album in a couple years, but I put it on the night Fahey
died. (It's still difficult to separate the sheer bloody-mindedness of its nearly
aborted birth from the experience of listening to it.)
The track titled "More Nothing" was recorded the same morning that
Fahey shit-canned three days - and several reels - of recordings. (He waited till
the rest of Cul de Sac had gone back to Boston before making his "I refuse
to be associated with this" pronouncement one morning before breakfast. It
felt like a sock in the stomach.)
Later that day Fahey told our producer, Jon Williams, to set up two microphones,
declaring that he was going to interview me. Like hell! I’m surprised how calm
I sound on the record because I was furious with John, so much so that shortly
after the tape started rolling I began talking ("Hey, mister") over
the plunking of Fahey’s banjo-ukulele before he could get in his first question.
Despite my attempt to turn the tables on John, to be contrary and to keep him
off-balance, I was unable to fend off the question he’d been leading up to all
along: "What does Cul de Sac mean?"
I couldn’t answer.
Later, when the band had returned and was listening to these tracks, Chris
Fujiwara asked ,"Did you guys script this out?" Fahey’s eyebrows went
up. "No," he said solemnly, "that would be unethical."
The last time I saw John was in the summer of 2000. I’d flown from Boston to
Salem, Oregon, to conduct interviews with him for a new Revenant project. Or so
I’d hoped. John and I hadn’t spent any appreciable time together since the making
of the Epiphany album and, though I was looking forward to seeing him again,
I was also a bit apprehensive.
My carefully laid plans blew up in my face only minutes after my arrival -
typical Fahey scenario (but another story for another time).
Nonetheless, my visit turned out to be a happy occasion for both of us. Old
contests were forgotten, and for several days we visited thrift stores, took the
tapes that would comprise Hitomi II (or was it Hitomi III?) to a
local studio to be sequenced and edited, ate at the greasy spoons John favoured,
talked, and mended our fences.
In the last years of his life many of us found ourselves debating with John
the merits of some of his own work, recordings he began arguing were emotionally
dishonest, confused, pretentious, or show-offy and shallow.
At some point during my visit it came up that The Great San Bernardino Birthday
Party, John’s fourth album (from 1966) was about to be reissued on CD. It
was the first John Fahey album I owned and is - to my mind anyway - one of his
very best. (To my "I love that album John; it changed my life!," I can still hear
Fahey’s bordering-on-hostile response: "Fine, but that has nothing to do with
ME.")
As John had been routinely kicking his early work in the teeth for a couple
years, I wasn't especially surprised that he was now contemptuous of this album
too. However, I was surprised to hear him also now question the merits of such
relatively recent fare as City of Refuge ("It went too far") and Georgia
Stomps, Atlanta Struts ("I shouldn't have let that come out").
There seemed little room for nostalgia or rationalisation in Fahey’s assessment
of his own accomplishments. Even though his revised opinions of City of Refuge
and Georgia Stomps felt, finally, like a vindication of my own feelings,
it was a hollow victory. Fahey, as ever, had been as unmoved by my dislike of
those records as he was unimpressed by my complete love for the early ones.
(Hey, maybe City of Refuge isn’t such a lousy album, all things considered.
But for a John Fahey album, it seems to me a meagre effort - one-dimensional and
derivative - compared to the body of the man’s great work. In retrospect I understand
a little better why it was so important to John at the time he made it, and what
it might have represented to him. I hear it now as the sound of John Fahey kick-starting
his stalled career and the soundtrack to his years on Salem’s Skid Row.)
While it amused me to listen to him vilify records that still mesmerise me,
eventually I came to appreciate that for John the most exciting record was the
one he was working on NOW. Regardless of how he might feel about it tomorrow,
or next week, or in 30 years, right now, this album, this one!, was THE VERY BEST
THING he'd ever done.
Even when I disagreed with him, I couldn't help but smile at the enthusiasm
in his voice, and I couldn’t help but admire him for having reinvented himself.
That's the way it should be, I think, a complete engagement with the present
- right to the very end. (During my final visit with Fahey he couldn’t stop talking
about Hitomi, the last record released in his lifetime. "I think,"
he’d say, to the surprise of no one, "it might be the best record I ever
made.")
Like a lot of people, I made the mistake of "heroicising" John, confusing the
man with the music. Fahey disabused me of that.
I can almost hear John admonishing us for what he called "fake sentimentality"
and "phoney emotionalism." I can't help but think that much of what has been written
and said about him since his death, even the warmest and best-intentioned of it,
would have seemed an impertinence to him. (Including this, no doubt.)
Death brings out the best and worst in us. Years after Sun Ra’s death, messages
appear on chat groups from people all over the world who, though they never met
the man, are sure they know what Ra (were he living) would think was funny, what
he'd think was cool, what he'd think was crap, what new bands and players he’d
be listening to. All this based on what can be, at best, only an imperfect understanding
of his - or anyone’s - art and life, even in the minds of the most sympathetic
of listeners.
There must be something inherent in us that makes us project ourselves into
the minds and lives of our heroes. Coveting acceptance, we deny that we’re intruders
even as we trespass.
As with Sun Ra, so too with John Fahey. Things people would never have dared
to utter while John was alive have been unblushingly posted for posterity now
that he's gone. Misinformation, half-truths, one-and-a-half truths, lies and nonsense.
This is how we honour our prophets? Spare us our pathetic human nature. (And spare
me my own.)
* * *
Dawn was just breaking when Chris Downes and I left Salem, Oregon, headed for
Portland. Chris, a friend of John’s since the late ‘60s, had flown in from Sydney,
Australia (a trip that had taken him some 26 hours) out of a need to mark John
Fahey’s passing.
The previous day had been a bit of a blur. We’d attended the memorial service
for John, an event that attracted a hundred or more of the faithful, the curious,
friends, ex-wives, old girlfriends, managers, collaborators, associates, at least
four or five musicians to whom John had given their start, and even a few of Fahey’s
old Salem street cronies. (One guy, with broken teeth and rheumy red eyes, talked
my ear off.)
The memorial had been followed by an informal gathering of (mostly) guitarists
at a Salem coffee-house for a tribute to John. From there Chris and I had ducked
into a local bar, where we hung out and swapped stories with Peter Lang, Fred
Sheppard (Lang’s garrulous luthier friend), Melody Fahey (John’s ex-wife - the
third of three) and her boyfriend, and Melissa Stephenson, Fahey’s ex-girlfriend.
After we’d told the last of our stories and drunk the last of our drinks, we
went back to Melissa’s, whose sunny, spacious and airy home, I have to think,
must have been the most comfortable place Fahey had hung his sunglasses in a decade
or more.
There Melissa, Chris and I spent what was left of the night listening to the
Stanley Brothers and going through boxes of Fahey’s writings, paintings, collages,
books, clothes and junk - stuff he’d left behind when he left Melissa ("like
a little boy running away from home," as she put it) shortly after my visit
last year.
Now Chris was headed back to Australia, and me to Seattle and from there to
Boston.
We said our good-byes and I caught the shuttle bus at the Portland airport.
As the bus wound its way into the city proper I was thinking about John, and reflecting
on the events of the previous weeks, his hospitalisation, his surgery, his death,
the funeral, the memorial service, the people I’d met, the stories I’d heard.
I was startled out of my reverie to suddenly recognise, across the street,
bright in the morning sun, the club where Fahey had joined Cul de Sac on stage
during our west coast tour in 1997. A few blocks later the Salvation Army Thrift
Store appeared where John and I had scrounged for records years ago. I don’t know
Portland at all well, and I doubt I could have found either of those places on
my own. Yet here I was, on a sightseeing tour of old haunts.
Somewhere nearby, I knew, was the crummiest Chinese restaurant in the world,
where Fahey had taken me for lunch one afternoon. After a few bites of dismal
glop I had suggested to John that, in all of Portland, there must be better Chinese
food than this. Fahey had replied, "Oh sure. But I like flirting with the
waitress in this place."
John Fahey’s funeral was a closed casket affair. I was told that he was buried
in black denim jean shorts, sneakers (with the laces untied), knee-socks (white
with a red stripe at the top) and a green XXXL T-shirt with a breast pocket. Whether
or not the T-shirt really bore the stains of Chinese food down the front, as I
was told, I can’t say. But if so, I wholeheartedly approve.
A veritable battleship of a man - unstoppable, unassailable, unequivocal -
John Fahey upended everything that sailed into his path.
But what glittering Atlantises rose and fell in his wake.
Thanks John, for allowing me to sentimentalise, to mis-remember, and for the
opportunity to bask in your reflected glory.
The keyring features a photo taken at the Kowloon, a Saugus, MA, Chinese restaurant-cum-comedy
club with big '50s tikis by the door. Fahey and I went there in one of the worst
rain storms I can remember, some time in 1990 or thereabouts. Just getting from
the car to the restaurant, we were practically soaked through. While we were eating
a woman photographer went around from table to table taking pictures, which they
then turn into a keychains for $10.00 or so. She took one look at Fahey and I
and kept walking till I called her back.